Abstract

                Digital transformation is reshaping how governments operate worldwide, aiming to make services more efficient, transparent, and citizen-centered. However, the success of implementing digital tools in public institutions often hinges on employees’ willingness to adopt and use these technologies. This study critically reviews major theoretical models explaining technology acceptance, including the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Technology Readiness Index (TRI), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). It highlights the strengths and limitations of these models in understanding employee readiness for digital transformation in the public sector. Drawing on recent research, particularly from developing countries and emerging economies, the paper explores how individual perceptions, psychological drivers, and demographic factors influence the adoption process. The study applies the UTAUT model specifically to the Egyptian public sector, focusing on key constructs such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. It also considers demographic characteristics as moderating factors. Based on this theoretical synthesis, a conceptual model is proposed to guide future empirical research and inform policy strategies aimed at improving digital adoption among government employees.